Muertes y Negligencia En El Centro de Detenci贸n Migratoria de Fort Bliss
Es necesario cerrar el centro e investigar los abusos
WASHINGTON -- Las personas recluidas en el centro de detenci贸n migratoria Camp East Montana, ubicado en la base militar de Fort Bliss, en El Paso (Texas), han sido v铆ctimas de graves abusos, se帽alaron hoy Human Rights Watch y la Uni贸n Estadounidense por las Libertades Civiles (ACLU) en un informe conjunto publicado hoy. Las personas detenidas en Camp East Montana sufren agresiones f铆sicas indiscriminadas, negligencia m茅dica que ponen en peligro sus vidas, expulsiones coercitivas a 鈥渢erceros pa铆ses鈥� desconocidos para ellas y, en algunos casos, condiciones de detenci贸n que podr铆an constituir desaparici贸n forzada.
El informe de 84 p谩ginas, 鈥溾�楽olo saldr谩s deportado o muerto鈥�: abusos en el sistema de detenci贸n migratoria estadounidense en Fort Bliss鈥�, documenta las condiciones en el mayor centro de detenci贸n migratoria del pa铆s. El centro tiene capacidad para albergar hasta 5.000 personas y est谩 formado por cinco grandes estructuras de lona similares a carpas que alojan a las personas detenidas en recintos cerrados. En su interior, las personas entrevistadas se帽alaron que se las obligaba a vivir en condiciones insalubres y de hacinamiento, con hasta 72 personas alojadas en cada m贸dulo. Human Rights Watch encontr贸 indicios de pr谩cticas punitivas de control migratorio, entre ellas condiciones de detenci贸n crueles, degradantes e inhumanas; uso excesivo de la fuerza por parte del personal de seguridad; falta de acceso a atenci贸n m茅dica y de salud mental; pr谩cticas coercitivas de deportaci贸n; y obst谩culos sistem谩ticos para acceder a representaci贸n legal.
鈥淐amp East Montana, gestionado por ICE, es un desastre en materia de derechos humanos鈥�, afirm贸 , becaria Aryeh Neier de Human Rights Watch y la ACLU. 鈥淓l gobierno de Estados Unidos deber铆a cerrar este centro, llevar a cabo investigaciones independientes sobre todos los abusos y muertes bajo custodia, y poner fin a las deportaciones masivas y a la detenci贸n migratoria obligatoria鈥�.
Los investigadores entrevistaron a 80 personas, entre ellas 71 mientras permanec铆an detenidas en Camp East Montana, adem谩s de cuatro familiares y cinco representantes de organizaciones que prestan asistencia jur铆dica, entre octubre de 2025 y junio de 2026. Tambi茅n analizaron investigaciones del Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (DHS, por sus siglas en ingl茅s) y revisaron otros documentos relacionados con el centro de detenci贸n.
Las personas entrevistadas se帽alaron que hab铆an sido detenidas durante redadas en lugares de trabajo, controles de tr谩fico, citas con las autoridades migratorias y durante otras actuaciones de control migratorio en la v铆a p煤blica. M谩s de 60 afirmaron haber sido arrestadas pese a presentar documentaci贸n que acreditaba su permanencia legal en Estados Unidos. De forma reiterada describieron arrestos llevados a cabo por agentes encapuchados que se negaban a identificarse y denunciaron casos en los que presuntamente se utiliz贸 fuerza excesiva durante su detenci贸n, incluidas agresiones f铆sicas y descargas con pistolas el茅ctricas.
Las personas entrevistadas afirmaron haberse sentido como 鈥渟ecuestradas鈥� ya que fueron trasladadas a distintas c谩rceles locales y centros temporales de detenci贸n sin posibilidad real de comunicarse con sus familiares ni con sus abogados. Human Rights Watch y la 桃子视频documentaron casos en los que los sistemas oficiales para localizar a personas detenidas no reflejaban correctamente su paradero. Familiares describieron la desesperaci贸n de buscar a sus seres queridos mientras el Servicio de Inmigraci贸n y Control de Aduanas (ICE, por sus siglas en ingl茅s) no les proporcionaba informaci贸n sobre d贸nde hab铆an sido trasladados.
En algunos casos, las circunstancias de la detenci贸n podr铆an constituir en virtud del derecho internacional de los derechos humanos.
Una vez en Fort Bliss, las personas entrevistadas afirmaron haber sido sometidas a condiciones de vida crueles, degradantes e inhumanas que pon铆an gravemente en riesgo su salud f铆sica y mental. Relataron que los ba帽os estaban cubiertos de excrementos, que los m贸dulos se inundaban con frecuencia, que la limpieza era insuficiente y que no ten铆an acceso a jab贸n, desinfectante ni a otros art铆culos b谩sicos de higiene.
Las personas entrevistadas tambi茅n se帽alaron que permanec铆an encerradas durante largos periodos sin acceso regular al aire libre ni a actividades recreativas. Algunas dijeron haber pasado semanas enteras sin poder salir al exterior. Durante gran parte de 2025, seg煤n explicaron, solo se les permit铆a salir al aire libre una vez cada dos semanas durante aproximadamente 15 minutos.
鈥淓ntre agosto y septiembre pas茅 un mes entero sin ver el sol鈥�, cont贸 una persona. 鈥淟os guardias simplemente no nos sacaban al exterior. Todos est谩bamos cada vez m谩s angustiados y desesperados porque no hab铆a nada que hacer. Me sent铆a atrapado; era una tortura鈥�.
Las personas entrevistadas tambi茅n describieron horarios irregulares para las comidas, alimentos en mal estado y esperas de hasta 12 horas entre una comida y otra. Personas con diabetes y otras enfermedades relataron haber sufrido dolores de cabeza, alteraciones en los niveles de az煤car en sangre y otras complicaciones de salud tras quedarse sin comer o recibir alimentos en mal estado, congelados o, sencillamente, incomibles.
Los investigadores tambi茅n documentaron numerosas denuncias de abusos f铆sicos cometidos por guardias y otros miembros del personal del centro.
鈥淟os guardias irrumpen en nuestro m贸dulo en grupos de 15; a veces parecen ser hasta 20鈥�, cont贸 un hombre. 鈥淰an vestidos completamente de negro, llevan m谩scaras que les cubren todo el rostro salvo los ojos y no llevan identificaci贸n. Cuando entran, simplemente agarran a la primera persona que encuentran y empiezan a golpearlo... Ellos tienen el control y pueden hacer con nosotros lo que quieran鈥�.
Las personas entrevistadas afirmaron que los guardias golpeaban a las personas detenidas como represalia por participar en huelgas de hambre, solicitar atenci贸n m茅dica, denunciar las condiciones de detenci贸n o pedir que se les permitiera salir al aire libre tras largos periodos de encierro. Varias se帽alaron que los guardias impon铆an castigos colectivos, agrediendo a varias personas despu茅s de acusar a una sola de haber infringido las normas del centro. Otras describieron insultos, humillaciones, amenazas y represalias contra quienes ped铆an art铆culos de primera necesidad o intentaban ejercer sus derechos.
Una de ICE tambi茅n document贸 usos de la fuerza no autorizados y no reportados en Camp East Montana.
Los investigadores entrevistaron a personas que presenciaron la muerte de Gerardo Lunas Campos el 3 de enero de 2026 en Camp East Montana. Seg煤n sus testimonios, los guardias aparentemente asfixiaron a Lunas Campos despu茅s de que solicitara medicaci贸n mientras se encontraba en la Unidad de Alojamiento Especial, destinada al aislamiento. Un hombre relat贸: 鈥淧arec铆a que los guardias estaban golpeando a Gerardo, como si le dieran pu帽etazos y lo estuvieran lanzando violentamente contra el suelo. Gerardo gritaba pidiendo ayuda. Repet铆a una y otra vez: 鈥樎o puedo respirar!鈥�. Ellos siguieron golpe谩ndolo. Luego dijo: 鈥楳e est谩n asfixiando鈥�. Despu茅s todo qued贸 en silencio鈥�.
Los investigadores documentaron reiteradas denuncias de que las autoridades no proporcionaban atenci贸n m茅dica ni de salud mental adecuada a las personas recluidas en Camp East Montana. Todas las personas entrevistadas describieron fallos en el sistema para solicitar y derivar la atenci贸n m茅dica del centro. Relataron retrasos prolongados para recibir tratamiento, interrupciones en la administraci贸n de medicamentos prescritos, evaluaciones m茅dicas inadecuadas y respuestas punitivas ante emergencias m茅dicas.
Los investigadores tambi茅n concluyeron que algunas personas detenidas fueron sometidas a presiones coercitivas para que renunciaran a sus solicitudes migratorias y aceptaran ser expulsadas a terceros pa铆ses cuando no era posible devolverlas a su pa铆s de origen. Seg煤n relataron, fueron amenazadas con violencia, procesos penales y detenci贸n indefinida si se negaban a ser deportadas. Personas cubanas y venezolanas detenidas describieron intentos de trasladarlas a M茅xico pese a que sus procedimientos judiciales segu铆an en curso y a que tem铆an sufrir da帽os all铆.
El gobierno de Estados Unidos deber铆a cerrar Camp East Montana y llevar a cabo investigaciones independientes sobre las muertes bajo custodia, el uso excesivo de la fuerza, la negligencia m茅dica, las desapariciones forzadas y las pr谩cticas coercitivas de deportaci贸n, se帽alaron Human Rights Watch y la ACLU. Las autoridades deber铆an exigir responsabilidades a quienes cometieron estos abusos, garantizar reparaci贸n a las personas afectadas y poner fin a las pol铆ticas de detenci贸n migratoria que contribuyen a violaciones generalizadas de derechos humanos.
鈥淟os abusos documentados en Fort Bliss son una consecuencia previsible de la pol铆tica de deportaciones masivas de la administraci贸n Trump, de la expansi贸n brutal de la detenci贸n migratoria y del debilitamiento de los mecanismos federales de supervisi贸n鈥�, afirm贸 C茅sar. 鈥淟as personas recluidas en Camp East Montana son seres humanos que merecen ser tratados con dignidad y protegidos frente a cualquier da帽o鈥�.
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