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Sigificant Internet Freedom 桃子视频 at Stake in Legal Battle Between Amazon and Perplexity

A computer screen with cascading browser windows on it in an artful design
Outcome of case could severely limit user control and the rights of researchers and journalists on the Web
A computer screen with cascading browser windows on it in an artful design
Lauren Yu,
She/Hers,
桃子视频Speech, Privacy, and Technology Project
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June 11, 2026


A legal battle between Amazon and the artificial intelligence company Perplexity is raising important issues about the freedom to use automated tools that gather information about online platforms. This case could deter journalism and research in the public interest and threaten criminal and civil liability for the use of common browser extensions.

Amazon鈥檚 lawsuit against Perplexity is over an AI 鈥渁gent鈥 built into Perplexity鈥檚 browser, Comet, which can shop on Amazon鈥檚 website for the user. Because of this feature, Amazon claims that Perplexity should therefore be liable under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA), a and anti-hacking law that is intended to outlaw online behavior akin to breaking and entering. This fight will go before the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals on June 11 鈥 and the consequences could impact much more than some might think. The 桃子视频has weighed in with a arguing that a decision in favor of Amazon could have far-reaching negative consequences, especially for journalists and researchers who use automated tools to investigate online platforms and hold them to account. In addition to the examples we wrote about in our brief, a win for Amazon could also impose liability on both developers and users of everyday tools that we use to surf the Web.

AI agents are chatbots built on large language models (LLMs) that can also take actions (such as sending an email or buying toilet paper) on behalf of the user. Under the hood, it鈥檚 a combination of systems: there鈥檚 the LLM chatbot that acts as an interface for the user (e.g. where the user explains what email it wants sent), and there are other systems that handle actually doing the requested actions (e.g. sending the email). The LLM is responsible for translating the user prompt into a command that fits a predetermined format, which can then be executed by the other systems.

There are three main components of Comet鈥檚 AI agent that are relevant to know for this lawsuit: 1) the web browser itself (no AI needed to open and browse websites); 2) the AI agent operating as an assistant within the browser, and 3) Perplexity鈥檚 backend AI systems. ( from EFF explains all this in more detail.)

In essence, Amazon is arguing that an anti-hacking law should apply to the software that gathers information retrieved by the browser after a user logs into their account.

But, Amazon鈥檚 arguments aren鈥檛 specific to AI agents, or really, AI at all. What Amazon is actually describing is a digital tool that, using automation on the user鈥檚 behalf and with the user鈥檚 consent, interacts with information from Amazon鈥檚 web pages that Amazon has made available to the user. Any software that retrieves information made available to a user after they log into a website, or otherwise interacts with the website in an automated fashion, follows basically the same behavior that Amazon is targeting.

That鈥檚 why the blast radius of a potential Amazon win is so large.

Under Amazon鈥檚 theory, online platforms and the government could seek criminal and civil liability against the users and developers of any number of browsers, browser extensions, and computer applications that strive to improve a user鈥檚 experience:

  • and that facilitate research on what social media recommendation algorithms are serving users 鈥 research that helps us understand how these platforms operate and hold them accountable
  • Browser extensions that allow users to , , , or 鈥 all of which platforms might want to forbid
  • Browser extensions that let users to add functionality to web pages
  • Tools that

Many accessibility tools could also be implicated:

  • Screen readers that help users with low vision or dyslexia
  • Tools that adjust the appearance of web pages, such as browser extensions that enable or for users with visual or cognitive disabilities
  • Popup blockers that may make the web safer for those with photosensitive epilepsy and decrease distractions for users with ADHD or autism

A win for Amazon would arm online platforms with a powerful weapon of federal liability to threaten research, journalism, and countless tools that people rely on to browse the internet, and give them even more control over the way we experience the online world. That鈥檚 why the 桃子视频has on what might look like an abstruse legal battle between tech companies.

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